Voxel-Man

Virtual Reality Surgery Simulation

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Torso and Inner Organs of the Visible Human (1998-2003)

These images give an impression of the quality and functionality of the model generated from the Visible Human Male data. It is the basis of the interactive anatomical/radiological atlas VOXEL-MAN 3D Navigator: Inner Organs.

Muscles of the torso of the Visible HumanIn this view of the VOXEL-MAN/Inner Organs model, the muscles of the human torso were unveiled by removing the outer layers of the body by mouse click.

Visible Human with a median cut, unveiliing some of the 650 anatomical structures of the inner organs modelThe VOXEL-MAN/Inner Organs Model consists of 650 three-dimensional anatomical objects. The larger objects (liver, kidneys, etc.) are represented as volume objects and are visualized using volume visualization. The smaller ones like blood vessels and nerves are modeled as surface objects.

Visible Human with multiple cuts, unveiling different layers of the torso's anatomyThe VOXEL-MAN/Inner Organs Model may be dissected in any direction with any number of cuts. The pictures of this series were computed with an illumination by four light sources and shadow casting.

X-ray of the Visible Human, with small and large intestine highlightedX-ray view of the VOXEL-MAN/Inner Organs Model. Any organ may be highlighted for the assessment of its manifestation in an X-ray image. Here the small intestine is highlighted in violet, the large intestine in yellow.

Visible Human from below, with with most of the digestive system removedView of the VOXEL-MAN/Inner Organs Model with most of the digestive system removed.

Inner organs of the Visible Human, prepared according to an anatomical drawing of Leonardo da Vinci (around 1500)View of the VOXEL-MAN/Inner Organs Model together with one of the famous anatomical drawings of Leonardo da Vinci (around 1500). It illustrates the development of anatomical knowledge representations from drawings to virtual body models.

Sectional anatomy of the abdomen of the Visible Human with a corresponding CT imageView of the VOXEL-MAN/Inner Organs Model with a transverse cut unveiling the major blood vessels and nerves of the lower abdomen. At any place, the cross-sectional anatomy and its radiological manifestation in Computer Tomography (CT) may be explored.

Notes

The segmented inner organs data are available for research purposes.

References

  1. Karl Heinz Höhne, Bernhard Pflesser, Andreas Pommert, Martin Riemer, Rainer Schubert, Thomas Schiemann, Ulf Tiede, Udo Schumacher: A realistic model of human structure from the Visible Human data. Meth. Inform. Med. 40, 2 (2001), 83-89.
  2. Andreas Pommert, Karl Heinz Höhne, Bernhard Pflesser, Ernst Richter, Martin Riemer, Thomas Schiemann, Rainer Schubert, Udo Schumacher, Ulf Tiede: Creating a high-resolution spatial/symbolic model of the inner organs based on the Visible Human. Medical Image Analysis 5, 3 (2001), 221-228.
  3. Thomas Schiemann, Ulf Tiede, Karl Heinz Höhne: Segmentation of the Visible Human for high quality volume based visualization. Medical Image Analysis 1, 4 (1997), 263-270.
  4. Ulf Tiede, Thomas Schiemann, Karl Heinz Höhne: Visualizing the Visible Human. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 16, 1 (1996), 7-9.